Lesson ((1))
Vocabulary الكلمات الجديدة فى الدرس
Nouns الاسماء
Environment بيئة Desertification تصحر
Desert صحراء Winds الرياح
Temperature درجة الحرارة Rainfallسقوط المطر
Soil تربة زراعية Decrease نقص – قلة
Increase زيادة Erosion التأكل
Cause سبب Fertile خصبة
Verbs الافعال
make (made / made) يجعل change (changed / changed) يغير
rise (rose / risen) يرتفع – يعلو Decrease (decreased / decreased) ينقص
blow (blew / blown) يهب Erode (eroded / eroded) يتأكل
cause (caused / caused) يسبب
ملخص على الدرس
Questions and Answers:
1- What made the fertile land change into desert?
- The temperature rose and the rainfall decreased. The winds blew and eroded the soil. This caused the desertification of the land.
2- What caused the desert to change into fertile land?
- Engineers built canals and irrigated the land. Farmers planted trees and bushes. This caused the reclamation of the desert.
Grammar القواعد
Cause and effect السبب والنتيجة
1- يأتى المصدر بدون to بعد الفعل make ( يجعل ) والفعل let ( يدع )
Examples:
Subject
المبتدأ Verb
الفعل Object
المفعول Infinitive without to
Toمصدر بدون
Pumps المضخات make water flow. تتدفق
Valves let water flow.
2- ولكن يأتى المصدر مسبوقاً بـ to بعد الأفعال الاتية :-
cause يسبب - force يجبر - allow يسمح - lead يؤدى
Subject
المبتدأ Verb
الفعل Object
المفعول Infinitive with to
To مصدر مع
Pumps Force the water to flow
Valves Allow the water to flow
Lesson ((2))
How a piston pump works كيف تعمل المضخة ذات المكبس ( الكابسة )
Vocabulary الكلمات الجديدة فى الدرس
Nouns الاسماء
Pumpمضخة Handle يد – مقبض
Pistonمكبس Valve صمام
Springزنبرك outlet valve صمام الخروج
inlet valveصمام الدخول Fluid سائل
Pressureضغط Tyre اطار
Cylinder اسطوانة cross-section مقطع افقى
Tube انبوبة piston pump مضخة بكباس
Verbs الافعال
Pull يجذب Push يدفع
Releaseيطلق Makeيجعل
Let يدع – يسمح Cause يسبب
Force يجبر Allow يسمح
Permit يسمح Open يفتح
Close يقفل - يغلق Flow يتدفق
The piston pump:
• Piston pumps can be used for pumping air or water.
• The pump consists of:
a handle, a piston, a spring and two valves, (inlet valve and outlet valve)
How a piston pump works:
• When you push the handle down, the piston moves up. This causes the pressure in the pump to increase.
• The high pressure causes the outlet valve to open.
• The open outlet valve allows the fluid to flow out of the pump.
• When you release (or pull) the handle up, the piston moves out. This makes
the pressure fall.
• The low pressure forces the inlet valve to open.
• The open inlet valve lets the fluid flow into the pump from outside.
Lesson ((3))
Vocabulary الكلمات الجديدة فى الدرس
Nouns الاسماء
Pollution تلوث Desertification تصحر
Deforestation ازالة الاشجار global warmingسخونة الكرة الارضية
Bleaching تبييض Greenhouseصوبة - بيت زجاجى
Gasغاز Earthالكرة الارضية
Atmosphere الغلاف الجوى Heatحرارة
Spaceفضاء fossil fuelوقود حفرى
Destructionتدمير tropical forestsغابات استوائية
Farmingزراعة – فلاحة Riceالأرز
Cattleماشية large scaleنطاق واسع
Temperatureدرجة الحرارة Diseasesامراض
sea waterماء البحر Electricityكهرباء
coral reefsشعب مرجانية Paperورق
Fuelوقود Increaseزيادة
Foodطعام Hardwoodsاخشاب صلبة
Effectsتأثيرات – نتائج Soilتربة زراعية
Verbs الأفعال
Cause يسبب Prevent يمنع
Escapeيهرب Burn يحترق – يحرق
Emitيطرد – يطلق Destroyيدمر
Absorbيمتص Farmمزرعة
Expand يتمدد Rise يرتفع
Evaporateتتبخر Flood تفيض – تغرق من الفيضان
recycle (re-use) يعيد استخدام Increaseيزيد
Bleach يبيض Use يستخدم
Adjectives الصفات
Mainرئيسي Tropical استوائية
Less أقل
Read the passage quickly and answer the questions:
1- What causes global warming?
- An increase in greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere.
2- What are greenhouse gases?
- The main ones are carbon dioxide (C02) and methane (CH4).
3- What do greenhouse gases do?
- They prevent heat from escaping from earth into space.
Test (( 4 ))
A- Language Functions
1- Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue:
You bought a new video player and the salesman shows you how to operate it:
You : Will you kindly tell me what the EJECT button does?
Salesman : It _________________(1) ___________.
You : OK, and what ___________(2) ___________ ?
Salesman : That causes the tape to move quickly backwards.
You : I see; Now what about FAST FORWARD button?
Salesman : That makes tape ___________(3) ____________ .
You : Thank you very much.
B- Vocabulary and structure
2- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- The________ of the piston pump is to reduce and increase the pressure in the chamber.
a) effect b) power c) function d) system
2- When the bulb of the thermometer is heated, the liquid mercury ______
a) contracts b) shrinks c) expands d) decreases
3- Heat makes metals _____________
a) to expand b) expand c) expanded d) expanding
4-If you heat water to 1000C, it _____________ .
a) cools b) freezes c) condenses d) boils
5- A thermostat prevents a room ___________ too hot or too cold.
a) become b) to become c) becomes d) from becoming
6- The fertile land was __________ by farmers.
a) deforest b) deforested c) deforesting d) deforestation
7- The fall in air pollution may have been_____ a decrease in fuel combustion.
a) because b) when c) while d) due to
8- In 2001, the number of accidents on the site rose from 55 ________ 80.
a) to b) by c) until d) with
3- Match the following: (environmental problems)
1- Air pollution can be solved by a) preventing using fuel and electricity
2- Global warming can be solved by b) a reduction in combustion of fossil fuels.
3- The destruction of coral reefs can be solved by c) irrigating the land and preventing the soil from being eroded.
4- Desertification can be solved by d) a reduction of deforestation
4- Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- Irrigation has caused this land to be reclaimed from the desert. (reclamation)
2- Don’t enter the site without wearing your helmet. (You ….. )
3- Rubber is used for making tyres because it is flexible. (owing to)
4- The positive terminal conducts the current. (The function of …. )
C- Reading Comprehension
5- Read the following passage, then answer the questions below:
Last week I bought an electric kettle. Before using it, I read its instruction manual. Then I began cleaning the kettle. I filled it to the maximum level, boiled the water and threw the water away .
When I used the kettle, I decided to fill it with water. I first disconnected the kettle from the electricity supply. I poured the water in through the spout. I fitted the appliance connector into the socket, plugged the lead into the mains supply and switched on by pushing the button down.
When the water boiled, the thermostat in the kettle automatically switched the appliance off and the temperature indicator changed from orange to red.
A) Answer the following questions:
1. What is kettle used for?
2. What did the writer do before using the new kettle?
3. How, did the writer switch the kettle on?
B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :
4. The _________ in the kettle will automatically switch the appliance off
a) socket b) indicator c) thermostat d) button
5. Before filling the kettle with water , ……….. it from the electricity supply .
a) connect b) disconnect c) switch on d) plug in
6. The writer poured the water into the kettle through the ________ .
a) spout b) supply c) mains d) thermostat
7. When the water boiled the temperature indicator water changed into__
a) orange b) red c) blue d) black
D- Terminology (Resource Book)
6- Fill in the spaces with words from the list :
(( machine - cockpit – expansion - device - tensile – dam ))
1- A thermostat is a_________ which automatically switches ON or OFF
when it becomes too hot or too cold .
2- When the bulb of the clinical thermometer is heated, there is an______ in
the liquid mercury.
3- The__________ prevents the river from flowing down the mountain.
4- Pilots ought to examine the propellers of the plane before getting into the_____
5- Nylon is often used for making ropes because it has ________ strength.
E- Writing
7- Write a short paragraph of 5 sentences on:
“Environment problems facing Egypt and possible solutions”:
F- Translation
8- A) Translate into Arabic:
1- A switch is a device which completes and interrupts an electric circuit.
2- An increase in the temperature of a metal makes it expand.
B) Translate into English: 1- يؤدى نقص التربة الخصبة الى التصحر .
